oracle自动备份数据库脚本，oracle数据库备份方法

概述数据库巡检是一项非常重要的任务，它有以下几个方面的重要性：保证数据库的稳定性和可靠性：巡检可以帮助管理员及时发现数据库中存在的问题，如性能瓶颈、资源竞争、死锁、数据丢失等，以便及时采取措施解决这些问题，保证数据库的稳定性和可靠性。提高数

概述

数据库巡检是一项非常重要的任务，它有以下几个方面的重要性：

• 保证数据库的稳定性和可靠性：巡检可以帮助管理员及时发现数据库中存在的问题，如性能瓶颈、资源竞争、死锁、数据丢失等，以便及时采取措施解决这些问题，保证数据库的稳定性和可靠性。
• 提高数据库的性能：通过巡检，可以分析数据库的性能瓶颈，优化数据库的配置、索引、表结构等，从而提高数据库的性能。
• 提高数据库的安全性：巡检可以帮助管理员及时发现数据库中存在的安全隐患，如未授权的访问、恶意攻击等，以及及时采取措施加强数据库的安全性。
• 遵守合规要求：对于一些行业，如金融、医疗等，存在严格的合规要求，巡检可以帮助管理员检查数据库是否符合这些合规要求，以确保企业的合法经营。
• 提高管理员的工作效率：巡检可以帮助管理员及时发现问题，减少日常维护的工作量，提高管理员的工作效率。

解决方案

#!/bin/bash# 设置Oracle环境变量export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport ORACLE_SID=your_oracle_sid# 设置变量DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)LOGFILE=oracle_healthcheck_$DATE.log# 创建日志文件touch $LOGFILE# 执行巡检命令并将结果写入日志文件echo"Oracle Healthcheck Report" >> $LOGFILEecho"------------------------" >> $LOGFILEecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查Oracle实例状态echo"Checking Oracle instance status..." >> $LOGFILEps -ef | grep ora_pmon | grep -v grep > /dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ]thenecho"Oracle instance is running." >> $LOGFILEelseecho"Oracle instance is not running." >> $LOGFILEfiecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查Oracle监听状态echo"Checking Oracle listener status..." >> $LOGFILElsnrctl status > /dev/nullif [ $? -eq 0 ]thenecho"Oracle listener is running." >> $LOGFILEelseecho"Oracle listener is not running." >> $LOGFILEfiecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查控制文件状态echo"Checking control file status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect name, status from v\$controlfile;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查在线日志状态echo"Checking online redo log status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect group#, status from v\$log;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查表空间状态echo"Checking tablespace status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect tablespace_name, status from dba_tablespaces;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查数据文件状态echo"Checking datafile status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect file_name, status from dba_data_files;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查数据库连接情况echo"Checking database connections..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect count(*) from v\$session;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查系统磁盘空间echo"Checking system disk space..." >> $LOGFILEdf -h >> $LOGFILEecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查表空间使用情况echo"Checking tablespace usage..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offcol "Tablespace Name" format a20col "Total Size (MB)" format 999,999,999col "Used Size (MB)" format 999,999,999col "Free Size (MB)" format 999,999,999select df.tablespace_name "Tablespace Name", totalusedspace/1024/1024 "Used Size (MB)",(df.totalspace - totalusedspace)/1024/1024 "Free Size (MB)", df.totalspace/1024/1024 "Total Size (MB)"from(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) totalusedspacefrom dba_segmentsgroup by tablespace_name) s,(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) totalspacefrom dba_data_filesgroup by tablespace_name) dfwhere s.tablespace_name = df.tablespace_name;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查消耗CPU*高的进程echo"Checking processes consuming the most CPU..." >> $LOGFILEps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%cpu,%mem --sort=-%cpu | head >> $LOGFILEecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查DISK READ*高的SQL语句echo"Checking SQL statements with the highest DISK READs..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offcol "SQL ID" format a15col "DISK READS" format 999,999,999select sql_id "SQL ID", disk_reads "DISK READS"from v\$sqlareawhere rownum <= 10order by disk_reads desc;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查前十条性能差的SQLecho"Checking the top 10 worst-performing SQL statements..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offcol "SQL ID" format a15col "ELAPSED TIME (s)" format 999,999,999select sql_id "SQL ID", elapsed_time/1000000 "ELAPSED TIME (s)"from v\$sqlareawhere rownum <= 10order by elapsed_time desc;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查运行很久的SQLecho"Checking long-running SQL statements..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offcol "SQL ID" format a15col "RUNNING TIME (s)" format 999,999,999select sql_id "SQL ID", last_active_time, round((sysdate - last_active_time)*86400) "RUNNING TIME (s)"from v\$sessionwheretype = 'USER'order by running_time desc;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查死锁及处理echo"Checking for deadlocks..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offcol blocker format a15col wait_time format a15select l1.sid blocker, l2.sid waiter, l1.username blocker_user, l2.username waiter_user, l2.event wait_event, l2.seconds_in_wait wait_timefrom v\$lock l1, v\$lock l2, v\$session s1, v\$session s2where l1.block = 1 and l2.request > 0and l1.id1 = l2.id1 and l1.id2 = l2.id2and l1.sid = s1.sid and l2.sid = s2.sid;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查缓冲区命中率echo"Checking buffer cache hit ratio..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect name, value from v\$sysstatwhere name = 'buffer cache hit ratio';exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查共享池命中率echo"Checking shared pool hit ratio..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect name, value from v\$sysstatwhere name = 'shared pool hit ratio';exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查排序区状态echo"Checking sort area status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect tablespace_name, max_size, used_size, alloc_size from v\$sort_segment;exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查日志缓冲区状态echo"Checking redo log buffer status..." >> $LOGFILEsqlplus -s /nolog <<EOF >> $LOGFILEconn / as sysdbaset heading offset feedback offselect name, value from v\$sysstatwhere name = 'redo log space requests';exit;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 检查ORACLE数据库备份状态echo"Checking Oracle database backup status..." >> $LOGFILErman target / catalog rman/rman@rcat <<EOF >> $LOGFILElist backup;EOFecho"" >> $LOGFILE# 发送巡检报告邮件mail -s "Oracle Healthcheck Report" your@email.com < $LOGFILEexit

小结

通过脚本来使用我们的巡检任务自动化，来减轻常规的工作量，用更多的时间来专注于数据库更核心的维护和更深技术的探究！

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